Rugs have long been a cornerstone of home decor, providing warmth, style, and character to spaces of all sizes. However, navigating the world of rugs can be challenging, especially when faced with an array of specialized terms and phrases. Understanding the vocabulary associated with rugs can make shopping for or maintaining them much easier and more enjoyable. Whether you’re a homeowner looking for the perfect centerpiece, an interior designer seeking clarity, or a rug enthusiast diving into the details, this comprehensive guide to rugs vocabulary is here to help.
From types and materials to construction techniques and care tips, this glossary covers the essential terms you need to know. By mastering these concepts, you’ll not only gain a deeper appreciation for the artistry of rugs but also feel confident in making informed decisions when selecting or maintaining them.
Abbas Shah
Abbas Shah I, the 5th Safavid King of Iran (1588-1629), ruled from Isfahan, a major hub where Persian carpets flourished, showcasing exquisite craftsmanship from the Safavid period.
Amoghli
A prestigious Persian carpet workshop located in Meshed, Iran, known for producing high-quality carpets signed by the artisans.
Abrash
Abrash refers to the color variation in rugs caused by differences in the wool or dye bath, resulting in subtle or noticeable shifts in color across the rug’s surface.
Abruzzo ‘bancale’ carpet
The Abruzzo ‘bancale’ carpet, a 18th-century piece from central Italy, features a double-headed eagle at its center, measuring 211×88 cm, representing regional textile artistry.
Abruzzi
Abruzzi, a central Italian region, has long been a source of textile and rug production, particularly from the 17th to 19th centuries, reflecting its rich cultural heritage and craftsmanship.
Admiral carpets
Admiral carpets, from 15th-century Spain, are distinguished by heraldic shields and coats of arms, often used to display noble family crests and royal insignia on decorative rugs.
Afghan
Afghan rugs, mostly crafted by Turkmens, often feature rich red tones and large Turkmen guls, a central motif, reflecting the cultural heritage of Afghanistan’s diverse weaving traditions.
African textiles
African textiles, from across the continent, display a variety of designs, techniques, and cultural significance, often used in ceremonial or everyday life to represent local traditions.
Afshar
Afshar rugs, created by the Turkic-speaking Afshar tribe in Iran, are known for their squarish shapes and geometric designs, often reflecting both nomadic and settled lifestyles.
Agra
Agra, a city in North Central India, was once the Mughal Empire’s capital. The region is renowned for its high-quality carpets, often featuring intricate floral patterns and bold colors.
Ahar
Ahar, located in the Heriz region of Iran, is famous for producing rugs with the distinctive Heriz design, which includes bold geometric patterns and vibrant color schemes.
Ait Ouaouzguite
Ait Ouaouzguite, a Berber tribe from the High Atlas of Morocco, produces rugs with unique patterns and symbolism, reflecting the region’s cultural and geographical identity.
Ak chuval
A traditional Turkmen storage bag made using a combination of flatweave and pile techniques. Often used for storing grains and other materials.
Aksaray
A city in Central Anatolia, Turkey, renowned for its Aksaray rugs and kilims, featuring distinct patterns and techniques.
Akstafa
A town in Azerbaijan, famous for rugs featuring peacock motifs, symbolizing beauty and craftsmanship in the region.
Ala chuval
A grain sack or storage bag originating from Anatolia, typically woven from durable materials for practical use in rural communities.
Aladag
A Turkish town located in the mountains north of Adana, famous for its handwoven rugs, often incorporating bold and intricate patterns.
Aleppo kilims
Kilims woven in Aleppo, Syria, during the Ottoman period, known for their rich, flatwoven designs and vibrant colors.
Alcaraz
A historical rug weaving center in Spain from the 15th-17th centuries, producing intricate and fine-quality Spanish carpets.
Alpan Kuba
A style of rugs from the Caucasus, featuring medallions surrounded by four hexagonal shapes, known for their geometric precision.
Alpujarra
Rugs woven in the Alpujarra region of Granada, Spain, between the 15th and 19th centuries, distinguished by bold colors and intricate motifs.
Alcaraz
A historical rug weaving center in Spain from the 15th-17th centuries, producing intricate and fine-quality Spanish carpets.
Alpan Kuba
A style of rugs from the Caucasus, featuring medallions surrounded by four hexagonal shapes, known for their geometric precision.
Alpujarra
Rugs woven in the Alpujarra region of Granada, Spain, between the 15th and 19th centuries, distinguished by bold colors and intricate motifs.
Amoghli
A prestigious Persian carpet workshop located in Meshed, Iran, known for producing high-quality carpets signed by the artisans.
Amritsar
Rugs produced in Amritsar, India, located near Kashmir, known for their fine craftsmanship and intricate floral designs.
Anatolia
A historic region in Turkey, traditionally known for its deep roots in rug weaving, producing diverse and culturally rich rug styles.
Angelas
Rugs woven in the Iranian Hamadan region, often featuring intricate knotting techniques and vivid designs, also spelled Injelas.
Baharlu
A prominent tribe of the Khamseh Confederacy, known for its traditional craftsmanship in making exquisite rugs. These rugs are highly valued for their durability and intricate designs.
Bahmanli
Bahmanli carpets originate from the village of Boyuk Bahmanli in Karabakh, Azerbaijan. These carpets are well-known for their rich history and intricate designs that reflect local cultural traditions.
Bakhtiari
Bakhtiari rugs are woven in the region surrounding Shahr-e-Kord, in the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari in Iran. This formerly nomadic tribe has now settled, and their rugs feature distinctive designs inspired by nature and traditional motifs.
Bakshaish
Bakshaish rugs from the Heriz region in North-Western Iran are known for their exceptional quality. These larger rugs are prized for their bold geometric patterns and stunning color contrasts
Bahluli
Bahluli refers to a Baluchi subtribe. Rugs woven by the Bahluli people are highly regarded for their unique patterns, rich colors, and intricate craftsmanship. See examples of Bahluli rugs for a closer look.
Baku
Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, is known for its carpets woven in the Baku Khanate area. These rugs often feature vibrant, detailed designs that showcase the rich cultural heritage of the region.
Balkan
Balkan kilims and rugs are influenced by Anatolian weavings, showcasing rich traditions and vibrant designs in textile art. Their intricate patterns reflect regional weaving techniques.
Baluch (Balouch, Balouchi)
The Baluch people inhabit Baluchistan in Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Baluch pile rugs are typically small, dark, and often have bold geometric designs. Baluch bags are also highly collectible.
Bandirma
Bandirma (formerly Panderma) is a town in Turkey located on the southern shore of the Sea of Marmara. Bandirma rugs imitate Ghiordes prayer rugs, often featuring medallions and floral motifs.
Beauvais
The Beauvais Manufactory was a historic tapestry factory in France, established in 1664. It is known for producing highly detailed tapestries, which are considered masterpieces of French textile art.
Bellini Carpet
Bellini carpets are Anatolian prayer rugs first depicted in paintings by Italian artist Gentile Bellini (1429-1507). Their unique design has made them historically significant in the carpet world.
Bergama
Bergama, a city in northwestern Turkey, is renowned for its rug-weaving tradition. The term “Bergama rug” often refers to vintage western Anatolian village rugs with geometric patterns.
Beshir
Beshir rugs are produced by the Ersari tribe in the regions along the Amu Darya River, spanning Uzbekistan and northern Afghanistan. Beshir rugs are famous for their deep, rich colors..
Bhutan
In Bhutan, weaving fabrics for clothing was historically essential, and today Bhutanese textiles are admired for their artistic value. Their weaving techniques continue to be a part of the culture.
Bibi Kabad
Bibi Kabad rugs are hand-knotted in the village of Bibi Kabad in the Hamadan region of Iran. These rugs are highly regarded for their intricate patterns and durable construction.
Bidjov
Bidjov rugs, also called Bidjov Kuba rugs, originate from the southeast Caucasus in Azerbaijan. These rugs feature bold geometric designs and are prized for their craftsmanship.
Bijar (Bidjar)
Bijar, a Persian town in North-West Iran, is famous for its rug weaving. Bijar rugs are extremely durable, and although they are priced higher, their skilled craftsmanship makes them popular.
Bird Ushak
Bird Ushak carpets, originating from the 16th-17th centuries, are known for their distinctive pattern of four birds around a blossom. These rugs are popular among collectors for their intricate motifs.
Birjand
Birjand, the capital of South Khorasan in Iran, is also known for its Moud (Mood) rugs, woven predominantly in the villages surrounding Birjand. These rugs are famous for their high quality and craftsmanship.
Black Church
The Black Church in Brasov, Romania, is famous for housing 104 Transylvanian rugs from the 17th and 18th centuries. These rugs represent the heritage of Romanian weaving traditions.
Borchalu (Iran)
Borchalu rugs are produced in the Borchalu village in Iran’s Hamadan region. These Persian rugs are known for their unique geometric patterns and high-quality wool.
Boteh
The boteh is an almond or teardrop-shaped motif often used in oriental rugs. This design symbol, representing growth or eternity, is a key feature in many Persian and Caucasian carpets.
Bowlan
Bowlan (also known as Bulan) is a village in Tehran Province, Iran. Bowlan kilims are notable for their intricate patterns and use of natural dyes, representing the region’s rich weaving tradition.
Brocading
Brocading is a weaving technique where patterned yarns are interlaced by hand directly on the loom. These soft, lustrous designs alternate with plain wefts, creating rich, textured fabric.
Bukhara
Bukhara, an ancient city in Uzbekistan, is often associated with rugs that feature Turkmen guls. While the attribution is debated, Bukhara rugs remain highly sought after for their unique patterns.
Burdur
Burdur, a city in southwestern Anatolia, is known for its unique kilims. These traditional rugs from Burdur reflect the culture and history of the Anatolian region through intricate designs.
Butterfly Saddle Rugs
Tibetan saddle rugs are woven with designs that often resemble a butterfly with spread wings. These rug designs are not only functional but also serve as a form of artistic expression.
Cairo
Cairene carpets are floral-patterned carpets from the 16th-17th centuries, attributed to Cairo, Egypt. They often feature intricate floral designs and are highly regarded for their craftsmanship.
Cal
Cal is a town in southwest Anatolia. Cal rugs are known for their bold, vibrant patterns and unique construction. They reflect the local culture and textile traditions of the region.
Canakkale
Canakkale, located in northwest Anatolia, is renowned for Canakkale rugs. These rugs feature intricate designs with vibrant colors and are highly valued for their historical significance.
Cappadocia
Cappadocia, a historical region in Central Anatolia, is famous for its unique volcanic landscape. Cappadocian rugs and kilims feature geometric patterns and vibrant colors influenced by the region’s culture.
Caucasus
The Caucasus is an area between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, known for Caucasian rugs. These rugs typically have geometric designs in primary colors, reflecting the village culture of the region.
Chahar Mahal
Chahar Mahal is a vast area between Isfahan and the Zagros mountains. Luri and Bakhtiari rugs from this area have distinctive designs, influenced by the nomadic tribes of the region.
Chajli
Caucasian Chajli rugs, often labeled Chajli Kazak or Chajli Shirvan, feature a design with three octagonal medallions, showcasing bold and geometric patterns.
Chanteh
A Chanteh is a small bag created by nomadic weavers. These bags are typically made with intricate patterns and bright colors, reflecting the culture of the nomads who craft them.
Chelsea Carpet
The Chelsea Carpet is a 16th-century Persian carpet housed in the Victoria & Albert Museum. It is considered one of the finest examples of Persian craftsmanship during the Safavid dynasty.
Chenille carpet
The Royal Danish Collections contain several 17th-century Persian Chenille carpets. These carpets are known for their rich texture and intricate designs, showcasing Persian weaving expertise.
Chelaberd
Chelaberd rugs, also called Sunburst Kasak or Eagle Kazak, are named after the village Chalabilar in Karabagh. They have bold, geometric designs and are made using traditional techniques.
Chichi
Chichi rugs come from Chichi, a village in the Kuba region of Azerbaijan. These rugs are known for their vibrant colors and unique geometric patterns, typical of Caucasian weaving traditions.
Chila
Chila rugs originate from the Baku region in the southeast Caucasus. These rugs are known for their rich colors and complex patterns, embodying the traditional styles of the region.
China
Chinese carpet production began between the 15th-17th centuries, drawing inspiration from Chinese porcelain and art. These carpets were highly prized in imperial courts for their vibrant designs.
Chinese minority textiles
Chinese minority textiles come from ethnic groups like Miao, Dong, and Yi. These textiles are colorful and intricate, representing the diverse cultures and traditions of China’s minority groups.
Chodor
The Chodor are a Turkmen tribe from the Khiva area of Turkestan. Chodor rugs often feature a distinctive purple-brown field color and are prized for their craftsmanship and unique designs.
Chondzoresk
Chondzoresk rugs, also known as Cloudband Kazaks, are from the Karabagh region. These rugs have bold geometric designs and are highly valued for their durability and unique motifs.
Chuval
A Chuval is a Turkmen storage bag with a pile surface. These Turkmen chuvals are typically adorned with intricate patterns and are used by nomads for carrying goods and belongings.
Central Anatolia
The Central Anatolian region includes provinces like Kayseri and Konya. Central Anatolian rugs feature bold designs with vibrant colors, reflecting the region’s rich cultural history..
Clark Sickle-Leaf Carpet
The Clark Sickle-Leaf Carpet is a 17th-century Kerman carpet that set a world record at auction in 2013, selling for $33.8 million. It’s one of the most valuable carpets in history.
Coptic
Chondzoresk rugs, also known as Cloudband Kazaks, are from the Karabagh region. These rugs have bold geometric designs and are highly valued for their durability and unique motifs.
Coronation Carpet
There are two famous Coronation Carpets—one owned by the Danish Royal Family and the other in LACMA’s collection. These carpets have unique designs reflecting royal traditions.
Court carpets
Court carpets are commissioned by Persian, Turkish, Chinese, or Mughal rulers. These carpets are highly prized for their intricate designs, often symbolizing the power and wealth of the rulers.
Crivelli
Crivelli rugs are named after Carlo Crivelli, a Venetian Renaissance painter. The rugs are notable for being depicted in his paintings, showcasing unique patterns and intricate details.
Cumra
Çumra is a town southeast of Konya, famous for its Cumra rugs. These rugs are known for their rich colors and bold patterns, reflecting the cultural heritage of the area.
Decorative Rugs
“Decorative rugs” refer to large, room-sized carpets woven in workshops for commercial purposes. These carpets, often intended for export, contrast with tribal and collectible rugs.
Dabir Kashan
Dabir Kashan carpets, crafted in the 20th century at the Dabir workshop in Kashan, are known for their superior quality and exceptional craftsmanship. These carpets are highly prized.
Daghestan
Daghestan, a Russian republic along the Caspian Sea, is known for its prayer rugs, a staple of the region’s weaving tradition. Daghestan rugs are highly valued for their intricate patterns.
Damascus
Damascus carpets, from the 16th century and attributed to Syria, are tied to the Mamluk rulers. These carpets are known for their luxurious designs and historical significance.
David Collection
The David Collection in Copenhagen houses one of the finest Islamic art collections in Northern Europe, ranging from the 8th to 19th centuries, including exceptional carpets.
Dazkiri
Dazkiri is a village in southwestern Anatolia, known for its distinctive rugs that feature traditional weaving patterns, highlighting local craftsmanship and culture.
Demirci
Demirci, a town north of Kula in northwestern Anatolia, produces Demirci-Kula rugs. These rugs are celebrated for their rich colors and unique weaving techniques.
Derbend
Derbend, a city in Daghestan, Russia, is known for its Derbend rugs, which reflect the region’s distinctive designs and deep cultural heritage from the Caspian Sea area.
Dobag
The DOBAG Cooperative near Ayvacik, close to Assos, produces contemporary Dobag rugs. These modern creations preserve traditional techniques, and the cooperative offers a range of distinctive pieces.
Doroksh
Doroksh, a town in northeast Iran, is known for its Doroksh rugs, which display unique regional patterns and high-quality craftsmanship, making them highly sought after.
Dosemealthi
Dosemealthi (Dösemealti), located just north of Antalya, is recognized for its Dösemealti rugs, which feature elegant designs and are crafted with traditional techniques.
Dragon Carpets
Dragon carpets feature stylized dragon motifs, often produced in the south Caucasus region. These intricate designs are the hallmark of this distinctive carpet style.
Donegal
Irish hand-knotted Donegal carpets emerged in the late 19th century, crafted in the village of Killybegs, Donegal County, Ireland. These carpets are renowned for their quality craftsmanship.
East Anatolian Rugs
Rugs labeled as East Anatolian rugs are commonly crafted by Kurdish weavers in the eastern regions of Turkey. These rugs often showcase vibrant patterns, including examples of East Anatolian kilims.
East Turkestan
Historically, East Turkestan refers to a part of Xinjiang in China. Cities like Khotan and Kashgar are renowned for their rug-making, with Khotan being the main source of East Turkestan rugs.
Egypt
Ancient Egyptian carpets include the Cairene carpets and Mamluk carpets, known for their intricate designs and cultural significance in ancient Egypt.
Emperor’s Carpet
The Emperor’s Carpet at The Metropolitan Museum of Art is a remarkable 16th-century Persian carpet from the Safavid court ateliers. A twin of this masterpiece can be found at the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna.
Erivan
Erivan, now known as Yerevan, is the capital of Armenia. Erivan rugs are created by Armenian weavers in the Erivan district, often featuring distinctive local designs.
Ersari (Ersary)
The Ersari are a group of Turkmen tribes in northern Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Ersari rugs are renowned for their extensive and diverse design repertoire.
Erserum
Erzurum is a city located in eastern Anatolia. Erserum kilims, woven in this region, are distinct for their craftsmanship and designs. See examples of Erserum kilims for unique weaving styles.
Expensive Carpet
The most expensive carpet ever sold at auction is The Clark Sickle-Leaf Carpet, which fetched a stunning $33.8 million at Sotheby’s. This piece is a significant collector’s item.
Ezine
Ezine is a town located south of Canakkale in Anatolia. Formerly called Avunya, Ezine rugs are well-known for their quality and aesthetic appeal. See examples of Ezine rugs for more..
Farjam Collection
The Farjam Collection in Dubai showcases rotating exhibitions from its vast collection, featuring notable ancient textiles and exquisite carpets in the Islamic section.
Felt Rugs
Felt rugs are made by matting wool under heat, moisture, and pressure. Traditionally used by nomads in regions like Persia, Anatolia, Central Asia, and East Turkestan, these rugs were commonly seen in tents.
Feraghan
Feraghan rugs, from the 19th century, are finely woven textiles originating north of Arak City, Iran. They are also known as Feraghan Sarouks, a famous Persian rug style.
Fars
Fars, a southwestern province of Iran, is renowned for its rich Persian culture. The capital, Shiraz, is a key marketplace for Qashqai, Khamseh, and Luri rugs.
Ferdows
Ferdows, located in South Khorasan, Iran, is known for rugs crafted by the Baluchi people. Ferdows rugs are admired for their quality and craftsmanship. Explore examples of these unique textiles.
Figdor Garden Carpet
The Figdor Garden Carpet, housed at the Museum für angewandte Kunst (MAK) in Vienna, is a remarkable Kerman carpet from the early 17th century, part of their classic Safavid carpet collection.
Filikli
Filikli is a type of Anatolian rug made from the unspun long, curly hair of Angora goats. These shaggy rugs are soft and known for their unique texture.
Flamskäv
Flamskäv is a traditional Swedish tapestry woven using the flamskäv technique. These textiles are intricate and reflect Scandinavian weaving traditions. Discover examples of Flamskäv weavings.
Flatweave
Flatweaves are textiles woven without pile, including kilims, Soumaks, Suzanis, and Cicims. Explore examples of Anatolian kilims and Caucasian soumaks to appreciate their craftsmanship
Fustat
Fustat, the ancient capital of Egypt under Muslim rule, has been an important archaeological site. Excavations have uncovered fragments of ancient rugs and textiles, offering a glimpse into historical carpet weaving.
Gabbeh (Gabeh)
Originally Persian tribal rug, Gabbeh rugs are coarse and woven for domestic use. Their designs often feature simple geometric patterns or figures.
Garahgozloo
Garahgozloo is a Kurdish tribe from the northwestern Hamadan region. See examples of Garahgozloo rugs for their unique style.
Garden Design
The classical Persian Garden Design is especially connected to Bakhtiari garden design rugs, showcasing the rich tradition of Persian landscape artistry.
Gelveri
Gelveri is a town in Aksaray Province in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Explore examples of Gelveri rugs known for their intricate patterns.
Gendje
Gendje (or Ganja), Azerbaijan’s second-largest city, is a hub for rug weaving, with influences from Karabagh, Kazak, and Shirvan. See examples of Gendje rugs here.
Georg Hewitt Myers Award
The Georg Hewitt Myers Award is a prestigious honor presented by the Textile Museum at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., celebrating excellence in textile arts.
Germesh (Germech)
A germesh is a Turkmen weaving traditionally hung beneath the ensi to prevent dust in the tent. See examples of Ersari germesh and other Turkmen pieces.
Gerus
The Gerus design is used in Gerus Bijar rugs, featuring a garden motif with overlaid arabesque viny in red, creating an elegant visual effect.
Ghirlandaio
Domenico Ghirlandaio, an Italian Renaissance painter, depicted rugs with medallions in his artwork, influencing the design of Bergama Ghirlandaio rugs.
Ghiordes
Ghiordes (Gördes) is a town known for prayer rugs, especially from the 16th-19th centuries. These rugs inspired many Anatolian weavers to replicate their designs.
Golpayegan
Golpayegan, located between Isfahan and Arak, is known for contemporary rugs featuring single medallions. View examples of Golpayegan rugs here.
Gobelins
The Gobelins family, established in Paris in the 15th century, founded a renowned dyeworks and tapestry manufactory, producing some of the finest textiles in history.
Göklen
The Göklen are a Turkmen tribe from Northeast Iran. Their rugs, rich in detail and symbolism, are highly regarded in the weaving community.
Goltug
Goltug rugs, made in Zanjan, Iran, feature a solid grid pattern similar to Bidjar rugs, with many contemporary examples being sold as Goltug Bidjars.
Gorevan
Gorevan, near Heriz, is known for producing coarser, lower-grade Heriz rugs. These rug designs remain popular for their simplicity and durability.
Grass: A Nation’s Battle for Life
The documentary ‘Grass: A Nation’s Battle for Life’ follows the Bakhtiari tribe in Iran as they migrate for seasonal grazing, showcasing their resilient journey across the land.
Habibian
Hadji Habibian is renowned as the father of Nain carpets. His family continues to craft exquisite, clear, and bright Nain Habibian carpets. They maintain the legacy of fine craftsmanship.
Hajji Baba Club
The Hajji Baba Club is the oldest rug club in the U.S., focusing on the study of oriental carpets and antique textiles. Founded in New York City in 1932, it has a long history of research.
Hali Magazine
Hali Magazine is a prestigious publication that specializes in antique carpets, textiles, and Islamic art. It serves as a significant resource for enthusiasts and collectors worldwide.
Hamadan
Hamadan, known as Ecbatana in ancient times, is located in the Hamadan Province of Iran. Famous for its rugs, Hamadan is a trade hub for carpets made in surrounding villages, such as Nahavand, Tuiserkan, and Malayer.
Harshang
The Harshang pattern, found in both Persian and Caucasian rugs, is also called the crab design due to its distinctive motif, which resembles the shape of a crab.
Herat
Herat was once a vital center for carpet production in Persia. Now part of Afghanistan, it is historically recognized for carpets like The Emperor’s Carpet, though some attribution is disputed.
Herati (Mahi)
The Herati design, often called the “fish pattern,” features a flower inside a diamond with curving leaves that resemble fish. This popular motif is widely seen in Persian rugs.
Hereke
Hereke was a small fishing village near Istanbul where fine Hereke Carpets were woven. Sultan Abdulmejid I established a Royal Court Manufacture in 1843. After the Ottoman Empire’s fall in 1923, Hereke rug production nearly ceased but was revived in the 1950s with silk rugs.
Heriz
Heriz rugs are crafted in northwest Iran, specifically in the Heriz district near Tabriz. These rugs are known for their geometric designs and durable construction, making them popular in the U.S. market.
High Atlas
The High Atlas mountain range in Morocco is home to Berber tribes that weave unique rugs. These rugs are known for their distinct patterns and represent the cultural heritage of the region.
Holbein
Holbein rugs are named after Hans Holbein the Younger, as their designs were depicted in his European Renaissance paintings, showcasing a blend of historical art and textile craft.
Hosseinabad
Hosseinabad, a village in the Hamadan region of Iran, is known for its locally made Hosseinabad rugs. These rugs feature traditional designs, reflecting the rich culture of the area.
Hotamis
Hotamis is a town in Central Anatolia, east of Konya. Hotamis kilims are known for their intricate designs, woven by local artisans with skill and tradition passed down through generations.
Hunting Carpet
Hunting carpets from the Safavid period depict hunting scenes, showcasing the artistry of Persian carpets. These rugs are prized for their historical significance and vivid imagery.
ICOC International Conference on Oriental Carpets
An organization dedicated to international conferences focused on oriental rugs and textiles. It offers lectures, exhibitions, and a dealer’s fair. Learn more about ICOC.
Igdir
Igdir (Igdyr) rugs from Turkmenistan are often considered a sub-group of Yomud rugs, though this is debated. Explore examples of Igdir rugs.
India
Carpet weaving in India began during the Mughal Dynasty in the early 16th century, where Indian artisans embraced Persian techniques and designs. Discover Agra, Amritsar, and Mughal carpets.
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, in northern China, borders Mongolia and Russia. Baotou in Inner Mongolia was a key trading hub for Inner Mongolian rugs from surrounding towns.
Iran Carpet Museum
The Iran Carpet Museum showcases Persian carpets from all regions of Iran, spanning from historical to contemporary pieces.
Isfahan
A city in central-western Iran, Isfahan rugs have been renowned since the 17th century for their exceptional quality and intricate designs.
Isiklar
Isiklar is a village in the Konya region of Turkey. See examples of Isiklar rugs and their unique weaving style.
Isparta
Isparta (also known as Sparta) is a city in western Turkey. Explore examples of Isparta rugs and kilims, known for their vibrant colors and distinctive patterns.
Jaff Kurds
The Jaff is a large Kurdish tribe, living along the borderlands of Iran and Iraq. They are known for creating distinctive rugs, called Jaff Kurd rugs. These rugs reflect the culture and traditions of the Jaff people.
Jewish
Antique Jewish Bezalel rug
Jewish rugs, such as the Bezalel and Marbediah (Marvadiah) rugs, were woven by Jewish artisans in the early 20th century in Jerusalem. These rugs were produced in connection with the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, and some were labeled with the academy’s name.
Joseph V. McMullan Award
The Joseph V. McMullan Award for Scholarship and Stewardship in Islamic Rugs & Textiles is a prestigious honor in the field of Islamic art and culture, recognizing those who have contributed significantly to the preservation and study of Islamic rugs.
Joshegan
Joshegan, a town in central Iran, is famous for its diamond-patterned rugs. These Joshegan rugs are easily recognizable due to their all-over geometric design, commonly used for traditional Persian carpets.
Jozan (Josan, Djozan, Djosan)
Jozan is a Persian rug style originating from the Malayer area in Iran. Known for their high-quality craftsmanship, Jozan rugs are often classified as Sarouk type rugs and are sometimes referred to as Jozan Sarouk or Malayer Sarouk rugs.
Julkhyr
Julkhyr rugs are long, coarse Uzbek rugs, primarily used as sleeping rugs due to their large, thick pile. Often stitched together in two pieces, these Uzbek Julkhyr rugs reflect the functional and cultural needs of the region.
Kagizman
Kagizman (Kağızman) is a town and district in Kars Province, Eastern Anatolia, known for its Kagizman rugs. These rugs feature distinct tribal designs that reflect the area’s rich weaving heritage.
Kaitag
Kaitag textiles are embroidered textiles from Southeast Daghestan. Famous for their intricate patterns, Kaitag embroideries are used in clothing and decorative items.
Kangxi era
Kangxi era carpets, woven between 1654-1722, reflect the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. These historic carpets are highly prized for their fine craftsmanship and unique style.
Kansu
Kansu (Gansu) is a province in western China, known for its Kansu rugs. These rugs were made in the weaving center of Ningxia and surrounding towns.
Kapunuk
A Turkmen Kapunuk is a decorative piece hanging down the sides of a tent door, often used in nomadic Turkmen tents as part of the entranceway.
Karabakh
Karabakh rugs come from a region between the Kura and Aras rivers in the Caucasus. These rugs are known for their geometric designs and large medallions, showcasing the region’s high-quality craftsmanship.
Karachov
Karachov Kazaks, made south of Tbilisi, are part of the Kazakh rug substyles. Their bold patterns and tribal influences make them highly desirable in the world of Caucasian carpets.
Karadashli
Karadashli rugs are often debated as a sub-group of Yomud rugs. These Turkmen rugs feature distinctive patterns and vivid colors.
Karagashli
Karagashli rugs come from the Northeast Caucasus, particularly the Kuba area. These rugs have intricate designs and are highly valued by collectors.
Karaja
Karaja (Karadja) is a town in northwestern Iran, known for its distinctive Karaja rugs, which feature intricate designs and rich colors.
Karakalpak
The Karakalpak people, a Turkic ethnic group in Northwestern Uzbekistan, create Karakalpak rugs with bold, geometric patterns and vibrant colors.
Karakeceli
Karakeceli rugs, from a town in Central Anatolia, are known for their striking designs, often in bold reds, blues, and yellows.
Karaman
Karaman, a city in South Central Anatolia, is famous for its Karaman rugs. These rugs typically feature bold patterns and vibrant hues, representing the region’s weaving heritage.
Karapinar
Karapinar rugs from Konya Province are often known for their quality flatwoven designs. Karapinar kilims are also highly regarded for their vibrant color palettes.
Kars
Kars, located near the Armenian border, is known for its Kars rugs, which feature bold patterns and earthy tones, reflecting the region’s cultural diversity.
Kashan
Kashan carpets from northern Iran are renowned for their fine craftsmanship. Famous during the Safavid period, Kashan rugs often feature intricate floral patterns.
Kashan souf
A Kashan souf is a unique flatwoven rug with pile decoration, making it a rare and valuable addition to any collection of Kashan rugs.
Kashgar
Kashgar, an oasis city in Southern Xinjiang, is famous for its Kashgar rugs. These rugs are often recognized for their rich colors and medallion designs.
Kashkuli
The Kashkuli tribe, part of the Qashqai confederation in southwest Persia, creates distinctive Kashkuli rugs known for their vibrant colors and intricate designs.
Kasim Ushag
Kasim Ushag rugs are debated to be made by either Armenian or Kurdish weavers in the Karabagh region, featuring fine wool and complex designs.
Kashmar
Kashmar, located in Khorasan Province, is known for its Kashmar rugs, often featuring intricate floral patterns and rich colors, making them highly prized by collectors.
Kasvin
Kasvin rugs, from northern Iran, are known for their medallion designs and excellent craftsmanship, making them a popular choice in the world of Persian rugs.
Kazak rugs
Kazak rugs from the South and Southwest Caucasus feature bold geometric patterns, including substyles like Bordjalou and Shikli, each offering unique designs.
Keyseri
Keyseri rugs, made in Central Anatolia, are often silk rugs, known for their fine quality and luxurious textures, making them a popular choice in high-end collections.
Kelardasht
Kelardasht, a town in Mazandaran Province, produces Kelardasht rugs known for their lush colors and fine craftsmanship, typically used in decorative interiors.
Kerman
Kerman carpets from southeast Iran, including the famous Kerman ‘Vase’ carpets, are known for their intricate floral designs and fine quality.
Kermanshah
Kermanshah rugs from the western part of Iran feature intricate designs and are known for their durable construction and unique color combinations.
Kelleh (Kelley)
A Kelleh rug is a long rug, where its length is at least double the width, making it a distinctive feature in Persian rug designs.
Kenareh
A Kenareh rug is a runner rug, typically used in narrow hallways and corridors, designed with intricate patterns and vibrant colors.
Khalaj
The Khalaj people, classified as a Turkic tribe in Iran, create Khalaj kilims, featuring intricate woven patterns often seen in traditional Kurdish designs.
Khal Mohammadi
Khal Mohammadi rugs, named after their creator in Afghanistan, are known for their Turkmen designs and fine craftsmanship, making them popular in the rug market.
Khamseh
Khamseh rugs, woven by several tribes in the Fars province, feature intricate designs and are highly valued for their historical significance and quality.
Khalyk
A Turkmen Khalyk is a camel trapping used in bridal processions, often made by the Tekke people and adorned with fine patterns.
Khila
Khila rugs, made near Baku, are known for their detailed designs, often with bold patterns and bright colors reflecting the region’s rich weaving traditions.
Khorassan
Khorassan rugs, from northeast Persia, are highly regarded for their quality and intricate designs, often created during the 17th century.
Khotan
Khotan rugs, from the oasis city of Eastern Turkestan (Xinjiang), feature medallion designs and reflect the area’s rich cultural history and fine craftsmanship.
Khoy
Khoy rugs, from West Azerbaijan in Iran, are known for their vibrant colors and intricate designs, often depicting floral patterns and geometric motifs.
Kirsehir
Kirsehir rugs, from Central Anatolia, feature bold designs and vibrant colors, reflecting the traditional weaving styles of the region.
Kilim (Kelim)
Kilims, woven using slit tapestry, are flatwoven rugs made with weft-faced fabric. They are known for their distinct textures and use in decorative applications.
Kizil Ayak
The Kizil Ayak people, a subgroup of Ersari Turkmen, weave Kizil Ayak rugs, which are prized for their unique designs and fine quality.
Knots
Asymmetrical knots, like the Persian or Senneh knot, are used for fine designs in Persian, Central Asian, and Chinese rugs, while symmetrical knots dominate in Turkish and Caucasian rugs.
Knotted pile
Knotted pile rugs, made with wool or silk, are known for their plush texture and durability. These hand-knotted oriental rugs are crafted on a foundation of cotton, wool, or silk.
Konagkend
Konagkend rugs, from the Kuba district, are known for their geometric designs and vibrant colors, showcasing the region’s rich weaving heritage.
Konya
Konya rugs, from Central Anatolia, feature intricate designs often with floral motifs and geometric patterns. Konya is also home to Sufi pilgrimage sites.
Kork wool
Kork wool is fine, soft wool from the belly of a sheep, used in high-quality rug weaving for its luxurious feel and durability.
Kozak rugs
Kozak rugs, made in northwestern Anatolia, are known for their bold geometric patterns and vibrant colors, making them highly valued by collectors
Kuba
Kuba rugs, from the surrounding villages of Kuba, feature intricate patterns and rich colors, often highlighting tribal geometric motifs.
Kula
Kula rugs, from a town in Western Anatolia, feature prayer rug designs from the 18th-19th century, known for their distinctive patterns and fine quality.
Kum Kapi
Kum Kapi rugs, made by the Armenian community in Istanbul, are known for their use of silk and metallic threads, making them highly decorative and sought-after.
Kurdish rugs
Kurdish rugs, from areas like eastern Turkey and northern Iraq, feature bold tribal designs and are highly valued for their durability and intricate patterns.
Kyrgyz
Kyrgyz rugs, from Kyrgyzstan and other parts of Central Asia, are known for their nomadic designs and high-quality craftsmanship.
Ladik
Several towns in Anatolia are named Ladik. The town famous for rug weaving is located in Central Anatolia, northwest of Konya. Ladik prayer rugs from the 17th-19th centuries showcase intricate patterns.
Lakai
Lakai is a Central Asian Uzbek tribe known for vibrant, colorful embroideries. Their creations often include small wall hangings, showcasing detailed and lively designs.
Lambalo
Lambalo is a Kazak rug design. Similar to Talish rugs, Lambalo rugs have multiple borders, offering a bold geometric appeal, often featuring rich, intricate patterns.
Lavar Kerman
Lavar Kerman rugs, also known as Raver Kerman, come from a town north of Kerman. The name Lavar is used for finer Kerman carpets, prized for their elegance and detailed craftsmanship.
Lenkoran
Lenkoran (or Lankeran) is a city in Azerbaijan, on the Caspian Sea coast near Iran. The Lenkoran medallion derives from a dragon motif, seen in various rugs from this region.
Lesghi
The Lesghis, or Lesghians, are tribes from the northeast Caucasus. The Lesghi Star design is closely associated with rugs from this area, reflecting bold geometric shapes and vibrant colors.
Lilihan (Lillihan)
Located south of Arak (Sultanabad), Lillihan rugs feature designs similar to Sarouks, with fine, symmetrical patterns. These rugs are known for their intricate motifs and luxurious appeal.
Lion Rugs
Lion rugs are southwestern Persian rugs featuring a lion motif. Most existing examples are Gabbeh Lion rugs from the 19th-20th centuries, showcasing bold lion images in vibrant colors.
Loribaft
Contemporary south Persian Gabbeh or Loribaft rugs have become highly popular among modern buyers of Iranian carpets in the 21st century due to their simplistic designs and earthy tones.
Lori Pambak
The Lori Pambak rugs from the Pambak village in Armenia often feature a large octagonal medallion motif, showcasing regional artistry and intricate design patterns unique to this area.
Los Angeles County Museum of Art
The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) houses an important collection of 16th-century Persian carpets, including the famous Ardabil Carpet, twin to the one at the V&A, and the Coronation carpet.
Lotto Rugs
Lotto rugs were produced mainly in the 16th-17th centuries along Anatolia’s Aegean coast. The name derives from the pattern seen in paintings by 16th-century Venetian artist Lorenzo Lotto.
Louvre
The Islamic Art Galleries at the Louvre in Paris feature an impressive collection of Mamluk and Safavid period carpets, highlighting the rich textile history of these regions.
Luri
Luri rugs, bags, and kilims are woven by the Lur people in the Zagros Mountains of southwestern Persia. These pieces showcase traditional weaving techniques and cultural motifs.
Mafrash
A mafrash is a bedding bag, often woven in the soumak or kilim technique, originating from Caucasus, Persia, and Eastern Turkey. Mafrash bags are flat, especially those from the Turkmen Yomut tribe.
Mahal
Mahal rugs are known for their bold floral designs. These rugs are made in the region around Arak (Sultanabad), an area famous for its rich weaving traditions.
MAK Museum für angewandte Kunst
The MAK Museum in Vienna holds a significant collection of 15-17th century Anatolian, Persian, and Egyptian Mamluk carpets—approximately 200 pieces. It’s a key destination for carpet enthusiasts.
Makden
Makden is the Tibetan term for an under-saddle rug, commonly used in Tibetan culture for both functional and decorative purposes.
Malatya
Malatya is a town in Central-Eastern Anatolia, well-known for collecting rugs and kilims from the surrounding area. Visit for examples of Malatya rugs and kilims.
Malayer (Malayir)
Malayer rugs, produced in the town south of Hamadan, are single wefted, much like Hamadans. These rugs are highly valued by collectors for their unique designs and origins.
Mamluk Carpets
Mamluk carpets originated in Cairo, Egypt, in the 15th century, with production continuing into the 16th century. Their stylistic origins remain a subject of debate among experts.
Marbediah Rugs
The Marbediah (or Marvadiah) workshop in Jerusalem, associated with the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, produced rugs either labeled as Bezalel or Marbediah rugs.
Marasali
Marasali rugs, attributed to a village in the Shirvan region of the Caucasus, often feature prayer rugs with boteh motifs. See examples of these exquisite rugs for a closer look.
Marby Rug
The Marby Rug, discovered in the Church of Marby in 1925, is a 14th-15th century Anatolian rug now housed in Sweden’s National Historical Museum.
Mazandaran
Mazandaran kilims, originating from northern Iran, were primarily used as coverings and wall hangings in cold, mountainous areas. These kilims gained recognition in the Western carpet market in 2002.
Mazlaghan
Mazlaghan rugs from the village in the Hamadan Province are known for their large medallion designs, often accompanied by quartered medallion corners, making them stand out in the carpet world.
Medallion Ushak
A Medallion Ushak features a large circular medallion with pendants, a design commonly found in 16-18th century Ushak rugs.
Megri
Megri (now Fethiye) is a city in Mugla Province. The Megri rugs produced here are distinctive for their unique designs.
Melas
Melas (or Milas) rugs come from a town in southwestern Anatolia and are renowned for their distinct designs, often featuring vibrant colors and intricate patterns.
Memling Rugs
Memling rugs, named after the painter Hans Memling, feature Memling guls and can be found in Anatolian, Caucasian, and Central Asian rugs, commonly dating back to the late 15th century.
Merino Wool
Merino wool, sourced from a fine breed of sheep, is used in Australian Merino wool carpets, such as those produced in Manchester Kashan designs.
Meshed
Meshed (Mashad) in Iran is a major center for rug production. This city is also a key collection point for rugs from nearby areas.
Meshkin
Meshkin rugs, hailing from Meshkin in northwestern Iran, are characterized by designs that often resemble Caucasian rugs, blending regional influences.
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City boasts one of the world’s most famous collections of Islamic art, including remarkable carpet collections from various periods and regions.
Meymeh
Meymeh rugs, from the town near Joshegan, share design similarities with Joshegan rugs. Their patterns are often intricate and finely detailed.
Miri
Taghi Miri and his sons began creating high-quality Persian rugs in the Shiraz area around the 1990s. Their creations are revered for their exceptional craftsmanship and design.
Moshkabad
Moshkabad is believed to be a trade label for lower-grade Iranian rugs from the Arak region. See examples of Moshkabad rugs for insight into their distinctive features.
Mianeh
Mianeh, a city in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, is known for its rugs and kilims. The region’s weavings reflect a blend of traditional design elements.
Millefleurs
The Millefleurs style, meaning “thousand flowers” in French, features intricate floral patterns. It is commonly found in Mughal and Persian rugs, especially in 16th-century designs.
Mina Khani
The Mina Khani motif, characterized by four round blossoms arranged in a diamond shape, is frequently used in Persian, Balouch, and Turkmen rugs, notably in Veramin rugs.
Ming
Ming dynasty rugs, from China (1368-1644), represent a significant era of weaving. Explore examples of Ming carpet fragments for a taste of this historical craftsmanship.
Moghan
Moghan rugs, produced in the southeast Caucasus, feature unique designs influenced by the region’s connection to Iran. These rugs are highly prized for their intricate patterns.
Monastir Rugs
Monastir rugs are a blend of Anatolian and Balkan design elements, reflecting the cultural fusion of these two regions. Explore examples of Monastir rugs for their unique beauty.
Morocco
Moroccan rugs are traditionally woven for practical use, often thick with a heavy pile for warmth in the snow-capped Atlas mountains. They serve both decorative and functional purposes.
Mosul Rugs
Mosul rugs, a trade term for certain Iranian Kurdish rugs, showcase a blend of regional styles and are recognized for their detailed patterns and quality craftsmanship.
Moud
Moud, near Birjand in Khorrassan, is a major contemporary weaving center. Moud rugs are known for their fine weaving techniques and vibrant designs.
Mughal Carpets
Mughal carpets, made around Agra in the 16th and 17th centuries, are known for their intricate designs, often depicting royal motifs and luxurious imagery.
Mucur
Mucur (Mudjur) rugs from a town in Kirshehir Province, Central Anatolia, often feature prayer rug designs, with rich, symbolic motifs.
Museum of Applied Arts, Budapest
The Museum of Applied Arts in Budapest houses a fascinating collection of Ottoman Turkish carpets, offering visitors a glimpse into the artistic heritage of the region.
Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin
The Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin features an impressive collection of Anatolian, Persian, Mughal, and Cairene carpets, highlighting the diverse artistry of the Islamic world.
Nahavand
Nahavand rugs are woven in the Hamadan region of northwestern Iran. Nahavand, a town south of Hamadan and west of Malayer, is known for its fine, intricate designs and durable craftsmanship.
Nain
Nain carpets, produced in the city of Nain (Naein) in central Iran, are highly dense and intricate. Nain rug production began in the 20th century, offering modern, luxurious carpets with traditional patterns.
Najafabad
Najafabad rugs hail from the town near Isfahan, known for weaving carpets with rich Persian designs. The craftsmanship showcases delicate, high-quality weaving, adding cultural beauty to your home.
Namakdan
A Namakdan is a tribal salt bag used to carry and store salt. These functional yet artistic bags are often woven using traditional methods, showcasing the craftsmanship of nomadic tribes.
Napramach
The Napramach is an ancient suitcase or chest, originally invented by tribal nomads in Central Asia. These items were produced in both pile and non-pile weaving styles, often hand-crafted and uniquely designed.
Near Eastern Art Research Center
Founded in 1962, the Near Eastern Art Research Center was established by Joseph V. McMullan, a prominent scholar and collector of Islamic carpets. It continues to be a hub for historical carpet research.
Nickle Arts Museum
The Nickle Arts Museum, located in Calgary, Canada, features an extensive collection of knotted pile carpets from West and Central Asia, offering a glimpse into the artistry of traditional carpet weaving.
Nichols
American Walter Nichols was a renowned maker of Chinese Art Deco rugs, starting his production in 1924 in Tientsin, Northern China. His rugs are a significant influence on 20th-century Chinese carpets.
Ningxia (Ningsia, Ninghsia)
Located in Kansu Province, China, Ningxia was historically a major center for rug weaving in the 18th and 19th centuries, producing carpets known for their distinctive patterns and craftsmanship.
Niriz
Niriz (or Neyriz) is a city in the Fars Province of southwest Iran, renowned for Qashqai-style rugs woven with intricate patterns and vibrant colors, showcasing traditional Persian artistry.
Northwest Persian Rugs
Northwest Persian rugs refer to carpets from various weaving villages in the northwest of Iran, each offering unique patterns and designs that showcase the diversity and quality of Persian weaving traditions.
Nurata
Nurata, a town in Uzbekistan, is known for its suzanis, traditional embroidered textiles that highlight the skilled craftsmanship of the region. Explore the artistry of Nurata through its stunning suzanis.
Obruk
Obruk is located in the center of the Central Anatolian steppes, 65 km northeast of Konya. It is known for its rich heritage, including Obruk kilims – traditional handwoven flat carpets.
Ok-bash
An Ok-bash is a decorative Turkmen bag used to cover tent struts. These bags are always made in pairs and showcase intricate craftsmanship, symbolizing the cultural heritage of Turkmen tribes.
Oltenia
Oltenia, a historical province in Romania, is renowned for its fine Oltenian kilims, which are handwoven textiles that reflect the cultural and artistic richness of the region.
Oriental rug
A genuine Oriental rug (or carpet) is hand-knotted or hand-woven in one of the original rug-producing countries. Rugs larger than 8×10 feet are often referred to as carpets, known for their fine craftsmanship.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, founded by Osman in 1281, lasted until 1924. The empire produced Ottoman court carpets, woven with wool pile on a silk or wool foundation, recognized for their fine quality and detailed floral designs.
Old
The term “Old” refers to rugs between thirty and fifty years old, often considered vintage or antique. These rugs hold value due to their aging quality and lasting craftsmanship.
Oushak (Ushak)Persian Rugs
Oushak (also spelled Ushak) in western Turkey has been a major rug production center since the Ottoman period. Famous for early Turkish carpet masterpieces, Oushak carpets are characterized by central medallions and intricate floral patterns.
Pakistan
Pakistani rugs, also known as Pakistani carpets ( Rug ) (Urdu: پاکستانی قالین, romanized: Pakistani Qaleen or پاکستانی فرش, romanized: Pakistani Farsh), are traditional handmade floor coverings crafted in Pakistan. Renowned for their heavy textile construction, these rugs serve both functional and decorative purposes.
Lahore is considered the hub of handmade rug ( carpet ) production in Pakistan, benefiting from an ample supply of raw materials, primarily wool. The Bokhara design is one of the most recognizable and cherished patterns found in contemporary Pakistani rugs.
Afghan refugees residing in Pakistan have also played a role in the country’s rug-making industry, further enriching its tradition of craftsmanship.
Pao Tao
Pao Tao rugs (Baotou) originate from North East China, specifically Inner Mongolia, showcasing unique designs and craftsmanship specific to this region.
Panderma
Panderma (now Bandirma) is a town in Turkey, located on the southern shore of the Sea of Marmora. Explore examples of distinctive Panderma rugs known for their traditional patterns.
Pazyryk Carpet
The Pazyryk carpet is a pile rug discovered in Pazaryk, Siberia, dating back to 500 B.C. You can see these remarkable ancient rugs at the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.
Peking
Rug weaving in Peking (now Beijing) is considered to have begun in the mid-19th century, reaching its peak between 1880-1920. Check out exquisite examples of Peking rugs from this period.
Perepedil
Caucasian Perepedil rugs (also known as Pirabadil) feature a ram’s horn design, often repeated in the main field. Pirabadil is a town southeast of Kuba in Daghestan.
Persia (Iran)
Iran, historically known as Persia, has a rich tradition in rug making. “Persian rug” is the more common term in the rug trade. Iran borders Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. See examples of Persian bags, saddle rugs, kilims, and soumaks.
PETAG
PETAG (Persische Teppiche Aktien Gesellschaft) was a German initiative, and a large workshop was established in Tabriz in the early 20th century. Discover remarkable Petag Tabriz rugs, showcasing exceptional quality.
Pinner
Robert Pinner was the founder of the International Conference on Oriental Carpets (ICOC), co-founder of Hali, and an expert in Turkmen rugs. His collection of Turkmen rugs was sold at Rippon Boswell in May 2004.
Pinwheel Kazak
Pinwheel Kazaks are a substyle of Kazak rugs, characterized by the repeated use of a pinwheel design, providing a unique and captivating look.
Persia (Iran)
Iran, historically known as Persia, has a rich tradition in rug making. “Persian rug” is the more common term in the rug trade. Iran borders Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. See examples of Persian bags, saddle rugs, kilims, and soumaks.
PETAG
PETAG (Persische Teppiche Aktien Gesellschaft) was a German initiative, and a large workshop was established in Tabriz in the early 20th century. Discover remarkable Petag Tabriz rugs, showcasing exceptional quality.
Pillar Rug
Chinese pillar rugs are designed specifically to wrap around a pillar, combining artistic patterns and functional design to enhance architectural spaces.
Polonaise Carpets
Portugal is known for its 16th-18th century needlepoint rugs. These exquisite Portuguese carpets are renowned for their fine craftsmanship and historical significance.
Portuguese Rugs
The so-called “Portuguese carpets” from the 17th century are attributed to Persia or India, featuring motifs of Portuguese ships with European crews, highlighting the global trade routes of the time.
Prayer Rugs
A prayer rug is typically a pile carpet used in Islam for cleanliness during prayer. It features a mihrab (prayer niche) at the top, which must point towards Mecca during use. Explore examples of these significant Islamic rugs.
Pre-Columbian
Pre-Columbian textiles are from the Mexico, Central America, and Andean region of South America, prior to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th century. See examples of Pre-Columbian textiles and their unique cultural artistry.
Qashqai
The Qashqai are tribes from the Fars Province in southwest Persia, part of a confederation of various tribes. Explore examples of Qashqai rugs, Qashqai bags, and Qashqai kilims.
Qum (Qom, Kom)
Qum is a holy city in Iran. Carpet production here started in the 20th century, with a focus on Qum silk rugs. These rugs are known for their fine craftsmanship and luxurious textures.
Qajar
The Qajar dynasty, of Turkic origin, ruled Persia in the early 19th century. While influenced by Western trends, they also revived traditional crafts, especially rug production, during the 19th century, spurred by Western demand.
Quatrefoil
Portugal is known for its 16th-18th century needlepoint rugs. These exquisite Portuguese carpets are renowned for their fine craftsmanship and historical significance.
Rah Rah Kilims
“Rah Rah kilims” is a trade name in Turkish rug shops for a special Afshar soumak. These kilims are known for their unique weaving techniques and intricate patterns.
Reed Screens
Reed screens are traditional tent interiors created by the Kyrgyz and other Central Asian ethnic groups. Colored yarn is wrapped around reeds to form beautiful, intricate patterns.
Reyhanli
Reyhanli, located on the Mediterranean coast of Anatolia in Hatay Province, is known for its distinct Reyhanli kilims. These kilims showcase the rich cultural heritage of the region.
Robert Pinner Collection
The Robert Pinner Collection is a renowned collection of Turkmen rugs, sold at Rippon Boswell in 2004. Robert Pinner was the co-founder of Hali Publications and the International Conference of Oriental Carpets.
Rug and Textile Appreciation Mornings
The Rug and Textile Appreciation Mornings are educational programs held by The Textile Museum at The George Washington University. These sessions offer in-depth knowledge of textile history and techniques.
Romania
Romania is famous for its folk kilims, including styles like Oltenian, Muntenia, Moldavian, and Bessarabian kilims. These rugs highlight the rich tradition of Romanian textile arts.
Rya Rugs
Rya rugs are Finnish long pile rugs with coarse knots. Known for their durability, they come in various designs. See examples of Rya rugs to understand their unique appeal.
Rölakan
Rölakan is a special Swedish tapestry weave, often used for bedcovers and cushions. This technique involves fine, detailed weaving to create intricate patterns and textures.
Re-piling
Re-piling is a rug repair technique where damaged or worn portions of the pile are replaced. New yarns are sewn or hooked into the foundation, and the pile is trimmed to match the original texture.
Rollakan
Rollakan refers to a Scandinavian weaving technique. This term is synonymous with Rölakan, used for creating textiles like bedcovers and cushions, reflecting traditional Scandinavian craftsmanship.
Rya
Rya is a Scandinavian rug technique, characterized by long, knotted piles. These rugs are both decorative and functional, adding warmth and texture to any room.
Sabzevar
Sabzevar is located about 150 km west of Mashad in northeastern Iran. The rug production in Sabzevar flourished around 1980 but declined shortly after. See examples of Sabzevar rugs.
Saddle Cover
Saddle rugs are placed over or under the saddle, while horse covers are specifically placed under the saddle for additional protection.
Safavid
The Safavid dynasty marked the peak of Persian carpet design, with significant influence from court designers. The dynasty ruled Persia from 1501 to 1722, shaping fine Persian carpets. See examples of Safavid period carpets.
Saf
A Saf (or Saff) is a multi-niche prayer rug found in both pile and flatwoven formats. See examples of Saf prayer rugs.
Saliani
Saliani refers to rugs from a town in Shirvan region, south of Baku. Saliani rugs are typically long-format and distinct.
Salor
The Salor tribe is considered the oldest Turkoman tribe in historical Turkestan. See examples of Salor rugs.
Salting Carpet
The term Salting carpet refers to a group of 16th-century Persian carpets named after “The Salting Carpet” at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Their design features are widely admired.
Samarkand
Samarkand, an ancient city on the Silk Road, was a key market for rugs but not a weaving center. See Samarkand rugs for examples of these marketed rugs.
Sanguszko Carpets
Sanguszko carpets are 16th-17th century Safavid Kerman carpets named after Polish prince Roman Sanguszko.
Sarab
Sarab rugs come from Sarab town in the Azerbaijan province of northwestern Persia. These rugs are famous for their long rug and runner format.
Sarabend
Sarabend rugs are made in the Sarabend district, located southwest of Arak. This region is known for its high-quality runners.
Sarkisla
Sarkisla is a town in Sivas Province of Eastern Central Anatolia. See examples of Sarkisla rugs from this region.
Sarouk
Sarouk is a village near Arak, Iran. It is also a trade name for rugs produced in Arak and surrounding areas. See examples of Sarouk rugs.
Saryk
The Saryk tribe is a Turkoman tribe from southern Turkestan. See examples of Saryk rugs.
Sauj Bulag
Sauj Bulag rugs are made by Kurdish weavers in northwest Persia, particularly from the town of Mahabad and nearby areas.
Seichur
Seichur rugs are a subtype of Turkmen Kuba rugs, made in the Northeast Caucasus. Seychour or Zeychour are alternative names.
Semnan
Semnan, the capital of Semnan Province, is located in north-central Iran. Semnan rugs often feature all-over patterns.
Senneh
Senneh, also known as Sanandej, is a city in Kurdistan Province, Iran. The region is known for fine knotted rugs and kilims made by the Gurani tribe. See examples of Senneh rugs and Senneh kilims.
Seirafian
Seirafian Isfahan carpets are made in Isfahan by the renowned Seirafian family of master weavers.
Seljuk
The Seljuk dynasty ruled over Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 13th centuries. Few Seljuk carpets from this period have survived.
Serapi
Serapi rugs (or Serapi carpets) are fine quality rugs from the Heriz area of northwestern Iran.
Shahsavan
The Shahsavan tribe is a nomadic pastoralist group in northwest Iran and southern Azerbaijan. They migrate seasonally between the Mughan steppe and Mount Sabalan. See examples of Shahsavan rugs and bags.
Shekarlu Tribe
Shekarlu rugs are produced by members of the Shekarlu tribe, part of the Qashqai Confederacy. See examples of Shekarlu rugs.
Shiraz
Shiraz, the capital of Fars Province, Iran, is a rug market for rugs from all over Fars. The label Shiraz rug refers to rugs produced in the broader region.
Shirvan
Shirvan, located in Azerbaijan, is known for its prayer rug designs. Shirvan rugs have distinct geometric patterns.
Sivas
Sivas, a city in central Anatolia, is known for Sivas rugs and kilims. See examples from this region.
Slit Tapestry
Slit tapestry is a weaving technique used in kilims and flatwoven rugs. It involves wrapping yarns around warps, often in alternating patterns. See examples of Anatolian kilims and Persian kilims.
Smyrna
Smyrna (now Izmir) was a key carpet collection center for export to the West. See examples of Smyrna rugs.
Sofreh
A Sofreh (or Soffreh) is a flatwoven blanket or tablecloth, sometimes with embroidery.
Soumak
Soumak rugs (also known as Soumac, Sumak, Sumac) feature intricate patterning using wrapped yarns around warps. These exquisite rugs come from areas like the Caucasus and northwestern Iran. See examples of Caucasian Dragon soumaks.
Spain
After the Moors left Spain in the late 15th century, carpet designs shifted to a more European style. See examples of Spanish carpets.
Star Ushak
Star Ushaks are carpets from the late 15th to early 17th centuries with eight-pointed blue stars in their design.
State Hermitage Museum
The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg houses the famous Pazyryk carpet among its collection of valuable carpets.
Sultanabad
Sultanabad (now Arak), Iran, was a major center for rug production during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. See examples of Sultanabad rugs.
Suzani
Suzani refers to embroidered tribal textiles from Uzbekistan and other Central Asian countries. See examples of Suzani textiles.
Syria
Aleppo in Syria, near the Turkish border, is known for Syrian Aleppo kilims.
Tabriz
Tabriz, the capital of East Azerbaijan Province, is known for mid-19th-century court-designed rugs woven with exquisite craftsmanship. Tabriz rugs are a staple of Persian textile heritage.
Tafresh
Tafresh, situated between Hamadan and Qum in northwestern Iran, produces rugs that are single-wefted, similar to the rugs from Hamadan, showcasing a blend of tradition and unique style.
Taimani
Taimani, a tribe from Afghanistan, is known for weaving rugs with distinctive tribal designs. Their rugs reflect cultural depth and craftsmanship from this region.
Taleghan
Taleghan, a town east of Qazvin, produces rugs that are well-known for their intricate patterns and fine weaving techniques. Explore examples of Taleghan rugs for a glimpse of Persian artistry.
Talish
Talish, in the Southeastern Caucasus, is famous for its rugs that feature long formats and empty fields. These rugs have a distinct aesthetic that sets them apart from others.
Taspinar
Taspinar, located in Aksaray Province, Central Anatolia, produces rugs with bold blue and red fields. Taspinar kilims are celebrated for their vibrant colors and intricate patterns.
Tashkale
Tashkale, a village in Karaman Province, Anatolia, is known for its rugs with vibrant designs. Explore examples of Tashkale rugs to discover their unique appeal.
Tehran
Tehran, the capital of Iran, is a major hub for Persian rugs. The city is home to a rich market offering a wide array of rugs from traditional to contemporary designs.
Tekke
The Tekke Turkmen tribe from Turkmenistan is renowned for their rugs. Tekke rugs are among the most significant weavings from Turkmen tribes, showcasing intricate patterns and high-quality materials.
Textile Museum, United States
The Textile Museum at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., is a leading institution for researching oriental rugs and textiles, housing an extensive collection of rare artifacts.
Textile Museum Associates of Southern California
Founded in 1985, TMA/SC offers educational programs, trips, and events focused on handmade textiles, weavings, and oriental carpets, promoting global textile artistry.
Textile Museum of Canada
The Textile Museum in Toronto, Canada, is dedicated to textile arts, offering exhibitions and programs showcasing a diverse range of fabric-based art, including rugs from around the world.
Tibet
Tibetan rugs are crafted using highland sheep wool and are a traditional part of Tibetan life. These rugs serve both as floor coverings and decorative pieces, often made for domestic use.
Tiger Rugs
Tiger rug designs, typically found in Tibetan rugs, are also present in other cultures, including Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mongolian rugs, creating a global pattern of artistic expression.
Timuri Balouch
Timuri Balouch rugs, woven by nomads in Western Afghanistan, showcase bold geometric patterns and unique tribal motifs, contributing to the rich tradition of Afghan textile arts.
Torba
A Turkmen torba is a storage bag with the same width as a chuval but is less deep. These practical and decorative pieces are often seen in Turkmen rugs and textiles.
Transylvanian Rugs
Transylvanian rugs from the 17th-18th centuries are known for their distinctive patterns and are found in Protestant churches in Romania and Hungary, reflecting the region’s rich weaving heritage.
Tree of Life Motif
The Tree of Life motif is a symbol used in many cultures, often featured in oriental rugs. This motif appears in numerous variations, representing growth, renewal, and connection to nature.
Triclinium Carpet
A Triclinium carpet was originally a set of four rugs arranged together. It typically included a large main rug, two runners, and a top carpet, symbolizing luxurious Roman dining setups.
Tuduc
Theodor Tuduc was a Romanian rug maker famous for reproducing high-quality rugs. His fakes, including Transylvanian, Holbein, and Lotto rugs, fooled museums and collectors alike.
Tuisarkhan
Tuisarkhan, near Hamadan in Western Iran, produces rugs with geometric medallions and pendant designs. Tuisarkhan rugs are highly valued for their bold, symmetrical patterns.
Turkestan (Turkistan)
Turkestan, a historic region of Central Asia, encompasses parts of modern-day Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan. Rugs from this region are famed for their intricate designs and rich colors.
Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
Located in Istanbul’s Sultanahmet Square, the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum showcases an extensive collection of rugs, including rare 13th-century Seljuk carpets.
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan, in Central Asia, is renowned for producing most of the world’s Turkmen rugs. These rugs are characterized by their vibrant colors and distinctive, geometric designs.
Urgup
Urgup is a town in Nevsehir Province, Cappadocia. It’s famous for traditional Urgup rugs, known for their distinct weaving patterns and vibrant colors.
Ushak (Usak, Oushak)
Ushak, located in west central Anatolia, has been home to Ushak rugs since the 16th century. These rugs are known for their soft texture and intricate patterns.
Uzbekistan
Central Asia is home to Uzbek rugs, with Julkhurs, long coarse sleeping rugs, and Karakalpaks being particularly famous for their bold, detailed designs.
Ukrainian
Ukrainian pile carpets resemble French Savonnerie carpets, influenced by Rococo and Neo-classical designs. However, they maintain a unique style that reflects Ukrainian cultural identity.
Uzbek Embroidery
Antique Uzbek embroidery from Central Asia is highly regarded. It features vibrant colors and bold designs, typically woven from silk onto a linen backing in the Tashkent region.
Vagireh
A Vagireh (Wagireh) is a small sampler rug, often showcasing a small section of a larger rug. Vagireh serves as a preview of the full design. See examples of Vagireh rugs.
Veramin (Varamin)
Veramin is a town north of Tehran known for rugs with Mina Khani designs. In the 19th century, it was a caravan town and gathering place for various tribes. See Veramin bags and kilims.
Victoria and Albert Museum
The Victoria and Albert Museum in London is the world’s largest museum of applied and decorative arts. Its collection includes famous carpets like the Ardabil Carpet and Chelsea Carpet.
Viss
Viss is a village in Iran, east of Hamadan. Known for its rugs, Viss rugs often reflect the regional craftsmanship. See examples of Viss rugs showcasing intricate designs.
Volkmann-Treffen
The Volkmann-Treffen is a casual gathering of Oriental carpet enthusiasts, originating on 27 October 1971. It remains a key event in the rug enthusiast community, fostering connections.
Wangden
Wangden, a valley in Tibet, is particularly known for its unique Wangden meditation mats, used for mindfulness and spiritual practices in Buddhist traditions.
War Rugs
The war rug tradition of Afghanistan emerged during the Soviet occupation in 1979. These rugs reflect the turbulent history, often featuring military motifs and symbols of resistance.
West Anatolian Rug
The term West Anatolian rug refers to those from the Bergama district. This region, including towns like Bergama, Ghiordes, and Ushak, is famous for its rich textile heritage.
Wiener Jagdteppich
The Wiener Jagdteppich, a 16th-century Safavid carpet from Kashan, is part of the MAK Permanent Collection, transferred from the Imperial Court in 1922, representing fine Persian craftsmanship.
Xinjiang ( Sinkiang, Sinjiang
Xinjiang (also spelled Sinkiang or Sinjiang) is a Chinese province located in the western part of the country. Known as Eastern Turkestan in rug literature, it is famous for its Khotan, Yarkand, and Kashgar rugs. These rugs are crafted in oasis cities within the region of Xinjiang.
Yagcibedir Rugs
Yagcibedir rugs come from the Yayci Yoruks tribes near Balikesir. These rugs feature red, indigo blue, and white colors. Learn more about Yagcibedir designs in the article.
Yahyali
Yahyali is a town in Kayseri Province, located south of Kayseri and east of Nigde. See examples of Yahyali rugs with their unique design patterns.
Yalameh
Yalameh refers to village rugs in western Iran. They display motifs from Khamseh, Qashqai, and Lori tribes. Explore examples of Yalameh rugs for more details.
Yarkand
Yarkand, a county in China’s Xinjiang Region, lies near the Taklamakan Desert. Discover examples of Yarkand rugs that highlight regional weaving traditions.
Yastik
A Turkish yastik is a small rug or cushion used for sitting or leaning. It can also be a cover for added comfort or style.
Yatak
The Yatak rug is an Anatolian shaggy pile rug, typically used as a sleeping mat for added comfort during rest.
Yazd (Yezd)
Yazd, a central Iranian city, is known for rugs with medallion designs like Kermans and Sarouks. Main colors include blue, red, and ivory. See examples of Yazd rugs.
Yesilhisar
Yesilhisar is a town between Nigde and Kayseri in central Anatolia. Check out examples of Yesilhisar rugs to see their unique features.
Yomut
The Yomut or Yomud tribe lives from Gorgan in Iran to Turkmenbashi and eastern Caspian shores. See examples of Yomut rugs and their cultural influence.
Yuncu
Yuncu is a nomadic tribe from northwest Anatolia. See examples of Yuncu rugs and Yuncu kilims for traditional weaving styles.
Yuntdag
Yuntdag is a mountain area south of Bergama. Rugs made in this region are known as Yuntdag rugs, produced by villages in the area.
Yoruks
The Yoruks were nomadic pastoralists in Anatolia, now largely settled. See examples of Yoruk rugs and Yuruk kilims reflecting their heritage.
Zakatala (Zakataly)
Zakatala is a small mountain city in northern Azerbaijan, located in the Caucasus. Zakatala rugs are crafted entirely from wool and are symmetrically knotted, showcasing traditional craftsmanship.
Zandjan (Zanjan)
Zandjan is the capital of Zanjan Province, Iran, situated between Tehran and Tabriz. Zandjan rugs feature distinctive designs and can be seen as examples of Persian carpet art.
Zarand
Zarand is a city and county in Kerman Province, Iran. Known for its Zarand carpets and Zarand kilims, these textiles are prized for their quality and unique patterns, often reflecting regional influences.
Ziegler & Co. (Ziegler)
Ziegler & Co., a German firm based in Manchester, England, was instrumental in the carpet trade. Ziegler rugs were produced in Sultanabad, Iran, and exported to Europe in the late 19th century.
Zili Sultan
Zili Sultan carpets are Persian textiles with a repeating design of vases and flowers. These decorative pieces are known for their intricate patterns and vibrant color schemes.
Persian Rugs: Known for intricate designs and high-quality craftsmanship, often featuring floral or geometric patterns.
Oriental Rugs: A broad category that includes rugs from regions like China, India, and the Middle East, characterized by diverse styles and techniques.
Shag Rugs: Rugs with a deep, plush pile, offering a luxurious and cozy feel, ideal for casual spaces.
Modern Rugs: Contemporary designs that emphasize minimalism and bold patterns, suitable for modern interiors.
A durable, natural fiber prized for its softness and resilience.
Often used for the base or backing, providing a lightweight and breathable structure.
A luxurious material that adds sheen and intricacy, commonly found in high-end or decorative rugs.
Man-made materials like nylon, polyester, and polypropylene, known for affordability and stain resistance.
Hand-knotted rugs are crafted by skilled artisans who tie each knot individually, resulting in high durability and unique designs. Machine-made rugs are produced using automated looms, which makes them faster to create and generally more affordable but less durable and intricate.
For high-traffic areas, durable materials like porcelain tile, luxury vinyl, concrete, natural stone, and hardwood with a tough finish are best. These options resist wear, are easy to clean, and maintain their appearance over time.
You should clean your rug at least every 12-18 months with professional cleaning, depending on foot traffic and usage. Regular vacuuming and spot cleaning can help maintain its appearance between deep cleanings.
Yes, using a rug pad is important. It helps prevent slipping, protects your flooring from scratches, extends the life of your rug, and adds extra cushioning for comfort.
To care for a hand-knotted rug, vacuum it regularly to remove dirt and debris, avoiding the fringe area. Rotate the rug every few months to ensure even wear. Clean spills immediately by blotting (not rubbing) with a clean cloth. Use a rug pad to prevent slipping and reduce stress on the fibers. For deep cleaning, consult a professional rug cleaner to avoid damage. Avoid direct sunlight to prevent fading.
Yes, antique rugs can be a good investment if chosen carefully. Their value often appreciates over time due to their rarity, craftsmanship, and historical significance. However, market trends, condition, and authenticity are key factors to consider.
Choose a rug size that complements your furniture arrangement and room dimensions. For living rooms, the rug should fit under the front legs of your furniture or all pieces. In dining areas, ensure the rug extends at least 24 inches beyond the table edges to accommodate chairs. For bedrooms, place a larger rug under the bed, extending beyond its sides. Always leave some floor space around the rug edges for balance.
Yes, rugs can improve indoor air quality by trapping dust, allergens, and pollutants, preventing them from circulating in the air. Regular cleaning and vacuuming are essential to maintain their effectiveness.
To store a rug you're not using, clean it thoroughly to remove dirt and debris. Roll it up with the pile facing inward to avoid creases. Wrap the rug in a breathable fabric like cotton or a cloth bag to protect it from dust and moisture. Store it in a cool, dry, and dark place, avoiding direct sunlight or damp areas to prevent damage.
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